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Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
‹date/time›
‹footer›
‹#›
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Defensible Technology & Patents
Filemot Technology Law Ltd
CU Entrepreneurs
24 Ma=
rch
2007
=
Agenda
=
226;Objective is to give you a balanced view of the Patent System
&=
#8211;Protection
&=
#8211;Infringement Risks
&=
#8211;Information
What is a patent
•A=
20 year
monopoly right
•O=
nly for
Innovation
•In
consideration of disclosure
<=
/span>
<=
span
style=3D'visibility:hidden'>•=
![](3D"slide0003_image004.jpg")
Why a Patent Syste=
m
•I=
ncitement
to Invest
•R=
eward
for Innovation
•Ba=
rriers
to Entrepreneurs=
![](3D"slide0011_image006.gif")
![](3D"slide0011_image008.gif")
Ying and Yang
![](3D"slide0004_image010.jpg")
Pitching the Paten=
t
•=
![](3D"slide0005_image011.gif")
•=
![3D"New](3D"slide0012_image013.jpg")
![](3D"slide0012_image015.jpg")
![3D"Garfield](3D"slide0012_image017.jpg")
The Role of the P=
atent
Office
•Wh=
o gets
What
•Ex=
clusions
•No=
velty
•Ob=
viousness
•S=
ufficient
Description
•Do=
es it
Work?
<=
span
style=3D'visibility:hidden'>•=
![3D"The](3D"slide0014_image018.gif")
![3D"The](3D"slide0014_image019.gif")
The patent clock
<=
span
class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-9.7%'>•Bursting
to talk
<=
span
class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-9.7%'>•“provisional”
applications
<=
span
class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-9.7%'>•Priority
Date
<=
span
class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-9.7%'>•No
Additions
<=
span
class=3DHB1B style=3D'position:absolute;left:-8.74%'>–More applications
<=
span
class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-9.7%'>•The
First Birthday
![](3D"slide0007_image021.gif")
Judging the value =
of a
patent
![](3D"slide0008_image023.jpg")
Patent
Strategy
•Control the Concept
–Only useful if Valid
•Key idea
•Granted or pending http://upp.european-patent-office.org/
=
•Quantity - never mind the quality
–Thickets
•Alternatives
–Trade Secret
–Design
–Branding and Speed to Market
–
Patent Strategy
•Make=
it
known
•Set
targets
•Geographical scope&=
#13;
•Articulate problems&=
#13;
•Invo=
lve
sales
•Disc=
uss
internally
•Reward
•Moti=
vate
•Inno=
vate
![](3D"slide0015_image025.gif")
Knowledge
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&#=
8226;Peer review
&=
#8211;But =
http://dotank.nyls.edu/communitypatent/
&#=
8226;Competition watch
Wrap Up
![](3D"slide0016_image027.gif")
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‹header›
‹date/time›=
=
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
‹footer›
‹#›
=
The object of this presentation is to gi=
ve you a
balanced view of the patent system.
<=
/div>
I’ve looked at love from both sid=
es
now
From give and take, and still somehow
Its loves illusions I recall
I really dont know love at all
From give and take, and still somehow
Its loves illusions I recall
I really dont know love at all
The smart entrepreneur understands not o=
nly when
to use IP to protect his business model
to provide a sustainable competitive adv=
antage,
but he
can also evaluate risks that other
people’s patents present to him.
There is also a third way and that is to=
use
patent applications to give you
insights into your market and competitio=
n.
Mining the data can reveal all sorts of
commercial as well as technical insights.=
You can even find likely recruits.=
What is a patent
A patent gives its holder a monopoly for a period of up=
to 20
years in a particular country. All that the country asks in retu=
rn is
a full disclosure of your technology – inc=
luding
all the necessary secrets. The extent of the monopoly is defined by the claims in the patent. Surely every technology business =
model should have one?
The ying and the yang of
patents
While a monopoly that allows yo=
u to
prevent anybody else competing with you is a wonderfully positive thing and very attractive to
investors, a patent monopoly that belongs to someone else can be a threat to your business plan=
s.
When are other people̵=
7;s
patents a problem?
Only a proportion of the publis=
hed
applications are ever granted as Patents.=
Most patents are =
not kept
in force for the full 20 years and lots are allowed to die in childhood -m=
ost
before they are but eigh=
t years
old. It is only granted patents that have been kept in force that can caus=
e your business any risk. It is only the independent claim =
of a
granted patent that matter to you.
For there to be an
infringement the patent holder must be able to find something in what you =
do that corresponds with every single=
word in
his claim.Pitching the Patent Issues
Engineers and Scientists don’t mix well with Investors. This seems to be a universally accepted truth that requires you to h=
ave a
team member who can don a suit and explain the science and more importantly the impact of the
patent at a level that the
investors can “get” without
being patronising.
The process of preparing a claim for your patent application with your
patent attorney is a good opportunity
to distil your ideas, compare them with what is already out there and work=
out
what the inventive contr=
ibution
is.
It may be sufficient in your elevator pitch to mention patented
technology, but you’re going to have to go beyond that when your prospective inves=
tors
start carrying out their due diligence.&n=
bsp;
They will want to=
know
what exactly it is you claim to be able to prevent the rest of the world <=
/span>doing.
They will want to be comforted that your patent is watertight.
If it is well known that there are patent issues in this technical fi=
eld,
they will want comfort that competitors
can’t stop your model succeeding.&n=
bsp;
You won’t be able to give black-and-white answers to these questions but you mu=
st
demonstrate that you are fully aware of the risks and have a strategy in place for minimising them.
=
Ri=
chard
Farleigh: “The teddy bear plus media player may be a new product, fo=
rmed
by adding two existing products toget=
her.
It seems a brilliant concept by Imran Hakim, and I was impressed that he'd built it himself, but will he =
be
granted a patent? I may be wrong (it happens often!) but I doubt that adding two existing products is patentable. =
Did
the people who first put lights in
refrigerators get a patent? I don't think so, so I didn't invest. We'll
see.”
<=
/div>
Peter Jones saw huge potential profits through the whole distribution
chain, and offered half =
the
money for 22.5 %. Theo was quick to match Peter's offer but on condition t=
hat
the patent would stand u=
p
Whether that i=
s a wise
condition will depend upon whether this entrepreneur knows
his technical field. Was he =
wise
to rely on a patent
attorney’s search of the patent
literature. Imran said confidently to camera that they didn’t find a=
personal media player integrated with a soft toy. However in November 2004 The Music Buddy™ Garfield Pl=
ush Toy
was launched with an 128MB
Who gets Which Patents
=
;
Somewhere there has to be a bal=
ance
between giving out monopolies to encourage investment and having too many, which prevent busi=
nesses
going forward with their plans. How
do we maintain that balance? This
is the role of The Patent Office and the legislation. As a matter of public policy certain things aren̵=
7;t
regarded as inventions. Lord Justice Jacob in the Court of Appeal last year said that there was no e=
vident
underlying purpose behind the exclusions
as a group. However, it is worth noting that artistic ideas, software and
business methods have on=
e thing
in common, they do not require a great deal of investment to implement them once they have been
created.
For the rest of industrially applicab=
le
technology, a patent can only be granted if the invention is new and isn’t obvious. Obviousness is always tricky beca=
use
inventors are often very modest. It is really a question of whethe=
r your
peers think the solution is clever.
Your claim will also only be valid if it is suppor=
ted by
a sufficient description to enable somebody else to implement the idea. This is where many patents
fail. They have filed too soon before the inventor has actually=
worked
out how to do it Either ther=
e is
no information or When to file a patent
The problem is that you are bursting to talk about your
idea - to get something together to find out if it is an investable proposition. The more that gets disclosed, the more likely it is that the eventual solution w=
ill
start to look obvious. It may well be that you need to f=
ile an
incomplete patent application once upon a time t=
hese
used to be called provisional application. They still are in
the USA. The good thing about
filing of provisional application is that your o=
wn
disclosures of what is in the provisional application won’t be
considered prior art to your eventual claim. The bad thing is that other
people’s publications might still be prior=
art
to your eventual claim - if =
it
turns out not to be supported by the original
provisional disclosure.
=
;If you have to talk about your idea before it is a complete
solution to the perceived market need, then you =
have
to file a patent application and start the patent
clock running. It is the only
strategy available to you. I=
f you
can keep everything secret until you know how to=
make
it work, then that is always the better course.<=
/span>Judging the value of a patent
Whenever you file a patent application set down your original
purpose. If the business mod=
el
moves away from that pur=
pose,
then abandon that patent application so your resources are used
effectively.
The most valuable patents are those which cover a broad concept but m=
any
broad concepts like sliced bread are obvious. Sliced bread may well have completely
solved the problems of sandwich makers but it was quite clear that it would. The innovations in the sliced bre=
ad
world lay not in the concept of pre-slicing the bread but in ways of doing it industrially and packaging =
the
resulting product so that it didn’t fall apart. The iTeddy inventor was looking for a =
broad
concept patent for a personal
media player inside a so=
ft toy.
He can’t have it because it is not novel. He may compromise on a claim that
refers to a collection of
features but will that satisfy the investor’s conditions. Will that monopoly make any difference in the market?
=
However, if your idea is for an unexpected concept, such as the blue
squash ball (which solves problems of visibility) or fluoridated milk (which solves the problem of
delivering fluoride to prevent tooth decay to children) a broad concept may well be novel and
non-obvious. Patent claims l=
ike
these are ones that even=
the
most naïve investor will “get”. iTeddy wanted this type of
patent.
However, if you decide to make a broad claim, you run the risk that it
also describes lots of things that have been published before.
You may feel that you need a monopoly over a particular molecule and
that you deserve it beca=
use you
have developed a method of extracting it cleanly. However, if that molecule =
already exists in nature you simply c=
annot
have a patent monopoly because the molecule itself is not new.
Kirin Amgen Inc went all the
way to the House of Lords because they wanted a monopoly over erythropoietin (EPO). EPO was a hormo=
ne made
in the kidney, which stimulated the production of red blood cells.
They had developed a method of producing it but it wasn’t the=
one
that the alleged infringer used.
The judge was right to find that there was no difference between EPO made
according to claim 26 an=
d EPO
which had been purified from urine and was already part of the state of the
art. The UK should apply=
the
same law as the European Patent Office and the other Member States when
deciding what counted as=
new for
the purposes of the European Patent Convention and should not accept produ=
ct
by process claims as a m=
atter of
practice. Claim 26 would have been revoked in opposition proceedings and was therefore declared invalid on=
the
ground of anticipation. (3) The nature of the invention which the specification had to enable was a=
way of
making EPO. The judge was right to conclude that claim 19 was invalid for insufficiency because=
the
test for distinguishing EPO falling within claim 19 from EPO purified from urine by its molecular =
weight
was in practice incapable of application. (4) The patent was revoked on the ground that claim 19 w=
as
insufficient (Patents Act 1977 s.72(1)(c)) and claim 26 was anticipated (s.72(1)(a)).
Patent Strategy -are narrower patents useful?
=
Broad concept patents are easy for investors to
“get” but risk being invalid.
Now you have to consider if you can’t have it all=
, is
there some patent strategy you can have that giv=
es
your business model a sustainable competitive ad=
vantage. Just because the simplest patent
strategy of total control is not open to your bu=
siness
model there may be others that work.
The big boys have simply adopted a strate=
gy of
quantity regardless of quality. If
you have enough patents no-one will threaten you=
or if
they do they are likely to infringe something in=
your
portfolio. The file anything
strategy may just bring down the Patent Offices
though. You may not have their budget either.
Granted patents carry more weight
Consider alternatives – relying on secrecy or
registered designs/design patents if patents are=
not
likely to bring you results in the context of your model. Brand and Registered Designs would probably serve iTeddy prett=
y well. Enough funding could mean that marketing was more impor=
tant
than IP.
http://upp.european-patent-office.org/
=
http://www.ipo.gov.uk/a=
broad-patenteurope-upp
Whatever the s=
trategy
you decide upon in the longer term an essential first step
is a process for evaluating all the ideas as they arise and develop. You als=
o need
an approach to the scope of geographical protection. If you can justify
your approach from a business perspective, a VC will be interested =
provided it goes with the growth he wants.
of them are published exactly as filed. Sometimes they contain
useful information about how things really work.=
Sometimes they contain just misleading speculation.
Sometimes they descri=
be
inventions. Sometimes they don’t.
Whichever cat=
egory
they come in, if you want a patent in a particular area you need to make yourself aware of both the background scientific
knowledge and that in the patent literature. You need to be able to
clearly identify your inventive contribution =
211;
also known by most patent agents as the clever bit. You can=
only do
that if you have some knowledge of what has gone before-the prior art. Stud=
ying the
prior art can be rewarding because it tells you what blind
alleys other people have followed and save you the trouble of doing the same.
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else
{
sId =3D RemoveFilePrefixFromHref(location.href);
var regExp =3D /\//
var fixedHref =3D sId
var pos =3D -1
=09
pos =3D fixedHref.search(regExp)
while (pos !=3D -1)
{
fixedHref =3D fixedHref.replace(regExp, "\\")
pos =3D fixedHref.search(regExp)
}
=09
if (g_fBaseHyperlink =3D=3D true)
sId =3D "file:///" + fixedHref;
else
sId =3D fixedHref.substring(fixedHref.lastIndexOf('\\') + 1)
}
=09
return sId
}
function HideMenu() { if( frames["PPTSld"] && PPTSld.document.all.item("ctx=
tmenu") && PPTSld.ctxtmenu.style.display!=3D"none" ) { PPTSld.ctxtmenu.styl=
e.display=3D'none'; return true } return false }
function IsWin( name ) { return window.name =3D=3D name }
function IsNts() { return IsWin("PPTNts") }
function IsSldOrNts() { return( IsWin("PPTSld")||IsWin("PPTNts") ) }
function SupportsPPTAnimation() { return( navigator.platform =3D=3D "Win32"=
&& navigator.appVersion.indexOf("Windows")>0 ) }
function SupportsPPTHTML()
{
var appVer=3Dnavigator.appVersion, msie=3DappVer.indexOf("MSIE "), ver=3D0
if( msie >=3D 0 )
ver=3DparseFloat( appVer.substring( msie+5, appVer.indexOf(";",msie) ) )
else
ver=3DparseInt(appVer)
return( ver >=3D 4 && msie >=3D 0 )
}
function _RSW()
{
if( !g_supportsPPTHTML || IsNts() ||
( !g_scaleInFrame && (!IsWin("PPTSld") || !parent.IsFullScrMode()) ) )
return
var padding=3D0;
if( IsWin("PPTSld") && parent.IsFramesMode() ) padding=3D6
cltWidth=3Ddocument.body.clientWidth-padding
cltHeight=3Ddocument.body.clientHeight-padding
factor=3D(1.0*cltWidth)/g_origW
if( cltHeight < g_origH*factor )
factor=3D(1.0*cltHeight)/g_origH
newSize =3D g_origSz * factor
if( newSize < 1 ) newSize=3D1
s=3DSlideObj.style
s.fontSize=3DnewSize+"px"
s.posWidth=3Dg_origW*factor
s.posHeight=3Dg_origH*factor
s.posLeft=3D(cltWidth-s.posWidth+padding)/2
s.posTop=3D(cltHeight-s.posHeight+padding)/2
if( g_scaleHyperlinks )
ScaleHyperlinks( factor )
}
function _InitAnimations()
{
animRuntimeInstalled =3D ''+document.body.localTime !=3D 'undefined';
isFullScreen =3D (window.name =3D=3D "PPTSld") && !parent.IsFramesMode();
g_animUseRuntime =3D g_showAnimation && animRuntimeInstalled && !(isFullSc=
reen && parent.IsSldVisited());
if( g_animUseRuntime ) {
collSeq =3D document.all.tags("seq");
if( collSeq !=3D null ) {
for(ii=3D0;ii numSlds )
gSldJumpIdx =3D numSlds;
if ( gSldJumpIdx >=3D 0 ) {
if ( gSldJumpIdx =3D=3D 0 )
gSldJumpIdx =3D 1;
var jumpTo =3D parseInt(gSldJumpIdx);
gSldJump =3D 0; gSldJumpIdx =3D "";
win.GoToSld( parent.GetSldList().mList[jumpTo-1].mSldHref )
}
}
}
function _KDH()
{
if( event.keyCode =3D=3D 8 ) {
event.returnValue =3D 0;
parent.GoToPrevSld();
}
}
var g_HLinkArray =3D new Array();
=20
function IMapAreaObj( areaObj, coords )
{
this.areaObj =3D areaObj;
this.coords =3D coords;
}
function InitHLinkArray()
{
var appVer =3D navigator.appVersion;
var msie =3D appVer.indexOf ( "MSIE " )
var ver =3D 0;
if ( msie >=3D 0 )
ver =3D parseInt ( appVer.substring( msie+5 ) );
linkNum =3D 0;
for (i=3D0; i 4 ) )
g_HLinkArray[linkNum++] =3D new IMapAreaObj( areaObj, ParseCoords( ar=
eaObj.coords ) );
}
}
function ScaleHyperlinks( factor )
{ =20
for ( ii=3D0; ii< g_HLinkArray.length; ii++) {
coordsStr=3D"";
imaObj =3D g_HLinkArray[ii];
for ( jj=3D0; jj < imaObj.coords.length-1; jj++ )
coordsStr +=3D (imaObj.coords[jj]*factor) + ",";
coordsStr +=3D (imaObj.coords[jj]*factor);
imaObj.areaObj.coords =3D coordsStr;
}
}
function ParseCoords( coordsStr )
{
var numArray =3D new Array();
var i =3D curPos =3D commaPos =3D 0;
while ( ( commaPos =3D coordsStr.indexOf(",", curPos) ) !=3D -1 ) {=20
numArray[i++] =3D parseInt( coordsStr.substr( curPos, commaPos ) );
curPos =3D commaPos + 1;
}
numArray[i] =3D parseInt( coordsStr.substr( curPos ) );
return numArray;
}
function DocumentOnClick()
{
if( IsNts() || parent.HideMenu() ) return;
if( ( g_allowAdvOnClick && (window.name=3D=3D"PPTSld") && !parent.IsFrames=
Mode() ) ||
(event && event.keyCode=3D=3D32) ) {
=09
if( g_animUseRuntime && g_animMainSequence && g_animMainSequence.cangonex=
t )
return;
parent.GoToNextSld();
}
}
var g_supportsPPTHTML =3D SupportsPPTHTML(), g_scaleInFrame =3D 1, gId=3D""=
, g_bgSound=3D"",
g_scaleHyperlinks =3D false, g_allowAdvOnClick =3D 1, g_showInBrowser =
=3D 0, gLoopCont =3D 0, gUseSldTimings =3D 0;
var g_showAnimation =3D g_supportsPPTHTML && SupportsPPTAnimation() && ( (w=
indow.name=3D=3D"PPTSld" && !parent.IsFramesMode()) || g_showInBrowser );va=
r g_animManager =3D null;
var g_animUseRuntime =3D false;
var g_animItemsToHide, g_animInteractiveItems, g_animSlideTime;
var g_animMainSequence =3D null;
var ENDSHOW_MESG=3D"End of slide show, click to exit.", SCREEN_MODE=3D"Fram=
es", gIsEndShow=3D0, NUM_VIS_SLDS=3D14, SCRIPT_HREF=3D"script.js", FULLSCR_=
HREF=3D"fullscreen.htm";
var gCurSld =3D gPrevSld =3D 1, g_offset =3D 0, gNtsOpen =3D gHasNts =3D gO=
tlTxtExp =3D 0, gHasNarration =3D 0, gOtlOpen =3D true
window.gPPTHTML=3DSupportsPPTHTML()
var g_fBaseHyperlink =3D false;
var gMainDoc=3Dnew Array(new hrefList("slide0002.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList(=
"slide0013.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0003.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("=
slide0011.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0004.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("s=
lide0005.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0012.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("sl=
ide0014.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0007.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("sli=
de0008.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0009.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slid=
e0015.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0010.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide=
0016.htm",1,-1,1));
/*********************************************
Frameset functions
These functions control slide navigation
and state of the frameset.
**********************************************/
function RemoveFilePrefixFromHref(href)
{
var regExp =3D /^file:\/\/\//i;
return href.replace(regExp, "")
}
function FullScrInit()
{
g_allowAdvOnClick =3D GetCurSld().mAdvOnClk
document.body.style.backgroundColor=3D"black"
document.oncontextmenu=3Dparent._CM;
document.onkeydown =3D _KDH;
document.ondragstart=3DCancel
document.onselectstart=3DCancel
self.focus()
}
function Redirect( frmId )
{=09
var str=3Ddocument.location.hash,idx=3Dstr.indexOf('#'), sId=3DGetSldId()
if(idx>=3D0) str=3Dstr.substr(1);
if( window.name !=3D frmId && ( sId !=3D str) ) {
obj =3D GetObj("Main-File")
window.location.href=3Dobj.href+"#"+sId
return 1
}
return 0
}
var MHTMLPrefix =3D CalculateMHTMLPrefix();=20
function CalculateMHTMLPrefix()
{
if ( document.location.protocol =3D=3D 'mhtml:') {=20
href=3Dnew String(document.location.href)=20
Start=3Dhref.indexOf('!')+1=20
End=3Dhref.lastIndexOf('/')+1=20
if (End < Start)=20
return href.substring(0, Start)=20
else=20
return href.substring(0, End)=20
}
return '';
}
function GetTags(base,tag)
{
if(g_supportsPPTHTML) return base.all.tags(tag);
else return base.getElementsByTagName(tag);
}
function UpdNtsPane(){ if(frames["PPTNts"]) PPTNts.location.replace( MHTMLP=
refix+GetHrefObj( gCurSld ).mNtsHref ) }
function UpdNavPane( sldIndex ){ if(gNavLoaded) PPTNav.UpdNav() }
function UpdOtNavPane(){ if(gOtlNavLoaded) PPTOtlNav.UpdOtlNav() }
function UpdOtlPane(){ if(gOtlLoaded) PPTOtl.UpdOtl() }
function SetHasNts( fVal )
{
if( gHasNts !=3D fVal ) {
gHasNts=3DfVal
UpdNavPane()
}
}
function ToggleOtlText()
{
gOtlTxtExp=3D!gOtlTxtExp
UpdOtlPane()
}
function ClearMedia()
{
// Clear any sounds playing before launching another browser window. Other=
wise,
// in fullscreen mode, you'll continue to hear the sound in the frames mod=
e.
if (PPTSld.pptSound) PPTSld.pptSound.loop =3D 0;
}
function FullScreen()
{=20
if ( PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime )
PPTSld.document.body.pause();
ClearMedia();
var href =3D ( document.location.protocol =3D=3D 'mhtml:') ? FULLSCR_HREF =
: FULLSCR_HREF+"#"+GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mSldHref;
if (MHTMLPrefix !=3D "")
href =3D RemoveFilePrefixFromHref(href)
if(PPTNav.event.ctrlKey) {
var w =3D (window.screen.availWidth * 1.0) / 2.0
var h =3D w * (PPTSld.g_origH * 1.0) / PPTSld.g_origW
win =3D window.open( MHTMLPrefix+href,null,"toolbar=3D0,resizable=3D1,top=
=3D0,left=3D0," + "width=3D"+ w + ",height=3D" + h );
if( win.document.body && PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime )
win.document.body.PPTSldFrameset=3Dwindow;
}
else
{
win =3D window.open( MHTMLPrefix+href,null,"fullscreen=3Dyes" );
if( win.document.body && PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime )
win.document.body.PPTSldFrameset=3Dwindow;
}
}
function ToggleVNarration()
{
rObj=3DPPTSld.document.all("NSPlay")
if( rObj && !PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) {
if( (rObj.playState =3D=3D 1)||(rObj.playState =3D=3D 0) )
rObj.Play()
else if( rObj.playState =3D=3D 2 )
rObj.Pause()
else
return;
}
else if( PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime )
{
narObj =3D PPTSld.document.all("narrationID")
if( narObj )
narObj.togglePause()
}
}
function GetCurSldNum()
{ =20
obj=3DGetHrefObj(gCurSld)
if( obj.mOrigVis =3D=3D 1 )
return obj.mSldIdx
else =20
return gCurSld
}
function GetNumSlds()
{ =20
if( GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mOrigVis =3D=3D 1 )
return GetSldList().mNumVisSlds;
else
return GetSldList().mList.length
}
function GetSldNum( href )
{
for(ii=3D0; ii 1 )
PopSldList();
else if( !IsFramesMode() ) {
if( gLoopCont )
GoToFirst()
else
EndShow()
}
}
function GoToPrevSld()
{
ii=3DgCurSld-1
if( ii > 0 ) {
obj=3DGetHrefObj(ii)
while ( obj && ( obj.mVis =3D=3D 0 ) && ( ii>0 ) )
obj=3DGetHrefObj(--ii)
if( ii =3D=3D 0 ) ii=3D1
GoToSldNum(ii)
}
}
function GoToFirst(){ GoToSld( GetHrefObj(1).mSldHref ) }
function GoToLast()
{
ii=3DGetSldList().mList.length
if( ii !=3D gCurSld )
GoToSld( GetHrefObj(ii).mSldHref )
}
function GoToSldNum( num )
{
if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue
obj =3D GetHrefObj( num )
obj.mVis=3D1
gPrevSld=3DgCurSld
gCurSld =3D num;
=09
if (MHTMLPrefix !=3D "")
PPTSld.location.replace(MHTMLPrefix+RemoveFilePrefixFromHref(obj.mSldHref=
))
else
PPTSld.location.replace(obj.mSldHref)
=09
if( IsFramesMode() ) {
UpdNavPane(); UpdOtlPane(); UpdNtsPane()
}
}
function GoToSld( href )
{
if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue
GetHrefObj( GetSldNum(href) ).mVis=3D1
if (MHTMLPrefix !=3D "")
PPTSld.location.replace(MHTMLPrefix+RemoveFilePrefixFromHref(href))
else
PPTSld.location.replace(href)
}
function SldUpdated( id )
{
if( id =3D=3D GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mSldHref ) return
gPrevSld=3DgCurSld
gCurSld=3DGetSldNum(id)
if( IsFramesMode() ) {
UpdNavPane(); UpdOtlPane(); UpdNtsPane()
}
}
function PrevSldViewed(){ GoToSld( GetHrefObj(gPrevSld).mSldHref ) }
function HasPrevSld() { return ( gIsEndShow || ( gCurSld !=3D 1 && GetHrefO=
bj( gCurSld-1 ).mVis =3D=3D 1 )||( GetCurSldNum() > 1 ) ) }
function HasNextSld() { return (GetCurSldNum() !=3D GetNumSlds()) }
function CloseWindow() {
if( HideMenu() ) return;
=09
var event =3D PPTSld.event;
if( !IsFramesMode() && event && (event.keyCode=3D=3D27 || event.keyCode=3D=
=3D32 || event.type=3D=3D"click" ) )
window.close( self );
CatchNumKeys( self, event );
}
function Unload() { gIsEndShow=3D0; }
function SetupEndShow() {
gIsEndShow=3D1;
PPTSld.document.body.scroll=3D"no";
PPTSld.document.onkeypress=3DCloseWindow;
PPTSld.document.onclick=3DCloseWindow;
PPTSld.document.oncontextmenu=3D_CM;
}
function EndShow()
{
if( IsFramesMode() ) return
if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue
doc=3DPPTSld.document
var dir =3D doc.body.dir
if( dir !=3D "rtl" ) dir =3D "ltr";
doc.open()
doc.writeln(' 0) {
PushSldList(sldList,fEnd);
gCurSld =3D 1;
}
else
if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue
}
function PushSldList(arr,fEnd) {
var ii =3D gSldStack.length;
gSldStack[ii] =3D new SldList(arr,gCurSld,fEnd);
GoToSld( gSldStack[ii].mList[0].mSldHref );
}
function PopSldList() {
if (gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1].fEndShow)
EndShow()
else {
gCurSld =3D gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1].mCurSld;
gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1] =3D null;
gSldStack.length--;
var sldList =3D gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1];
GoToSld( sldList.mList[gCurSld - 1].mSldHref );
}
}
var custShowList=3Dnew Array();
/*********************************************
Navigation button implementation
There are 2 types of buttons: ImgBtn, TxtBtn
implemented as function objects. They share
a similiar interface so the event handlers
can call SetActive, for example, on a button=20
object without needing to know exactly=20
what type of button it is.
**********************************************/
//----------------------------------
function ImgBtn( oId,bId,w,action )
//----------------------------------
{
var t=3Dthis
t.Perform =3D _IBP
t.SetActive =3D _IBSetA
t.SetInactive=3D _IBSetI
t.SetPressed =3D _IBSetP
t.SetDisabled=3D _IBSetD
t.Enabled =3D _IBSetE
t.ChangeIcon =3D null
t.UserAction =3D action
t.ChgState =3D _IBUI
t.mObjId =3D oId
t.mBorderId=3D bId
t.mWidth =3D w
t.mIsOn =3D t.mCurState =3D 0
}
function _IBSetA()
{
if( this.mIsOn ) {
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,2 )
obj.style.posTop=3D0
}
}
function _IBSetI()
{
if( this.mIsOn ) {
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,1 )
obj.style.posTop=3D0=20
}
}
function _IBSetP()
{
if( this.mIsOn ) {
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,2 )
obj.style.posLeft+=3D1; obj.style.posTop+=3D1
}
}
function _IBSetD()
{ =20
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0 )
obj.style.posTop=3D0=20
}
function _IBSetE( state )
{
var t=3Dthis
GetObj( t.mBorderId ).style.visibility=3D"visible"
if( state !=3D t.mIsOn ) {
t.mIsOn=3Dstate
if( state )
t.SetInactive()
else
t.SetDisabled()
}
}
function _IBP()
{
var t=3Dthis
if( t.mIsOn ) {
if( t.UserAction !=3D null )
t.UserAction()
if( t.ChangeIcon ) {
obj=3DGetObj(t.mObjId)
if( t.ChangeIcon() )
obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-4)*t.mWidth
else
obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-0)*t.mWidth
}
t.SetActive()
} =20
}
function _IBUI( clr1,clr2,nextState )
{
var t=3Dthis
SetBorder( GetObj( t.mBorderId ),clr1,clr2 )
obj=3DGetObj( t.mObjId )
obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-nextState)*t.mWidth-obj=
.style.posTop
t.mCurState=3DnextState
return obj
}
//-----------------------------------------
function TxtBtn( oId,oeId,action,chkState )
//-----------------------------------------
{
var t=3Dthis
t.Perform =3D _TBP
t.SetActive =3D _TBSetA
t.SetInactive=3D _TBSetI
t.SetPressed =3D _TBSetP
t.SetDisabled=3D _TBSetD
t.SetEnabled =3D _TBSetE
t.GetState =3D chkState
t.UserAction =3D action
t.ChgState =3D _TBUI
t.mObjId =3D oId
t.m_elementsId=3D oeId
t.mIsOn =3D 1
}
function _TBSetA()
{
var t=3Dthis
if( t.mIsOn && !t.GetState() )
t.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,0,0 )
}
function _TBSetI()
{
var t=3Dthis
if( t.mIsOn && !t.GetState() )
t.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 )
}
function _TBSetP()
{
if( this.mIsOn )
this.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,1,1 )
}
function _TBSetD()
{ =20
this.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 )
this.mIsOn =3D 0
}
function _TBSetE()
{
var t=3Dthis
if( !t.GetState() )
t.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 )
else
t.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,1,1 )
t.mIsOn =3D 1
}
function _TBP()
{
var t=3Dthis
if( t.mIsOn ) {=20
if( t.UserAction !=3D null )
t.UserAction()
if( !t.GetState )
return
if( t.GetState() )
t.SetPressed()
else
t.SetActive()
} =20
}
function _TBUI( clr1,clr2,lOffset,tOffset )
{
SetBorder( GetObj( this.mObjId ),clr1,clr2 )
Offset( GetObj( this.m_elementsId ),lOffset,tOffset )
}
function Offset( obj, top, left ){ obj.style.top=3Dtop; obj.style.left=3Dle=
ft }
function SetBorder( obj, upperLeft, lowerRight )
{
s=3Dobj.style;
s.borderStyle =3D "solid"
s.borderWidth =3D 1=20
s.borderLeftColor =3D s.borderTopColor =3D upperLeft
s.borderBottomColor=3D s.borderRightColor =3D lowerRight
}
function GetBtnObj(){ return gBtnArr[window.event.srcElement.id] }
function BtnOnOver(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetActive() }
function BtnOnDown(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetPressed() }
function BtnOnOut(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetInactive() }
function BtnOnUp()
{
b=3DGetBtnObj()
if( b !=3D null )
b.Perform()
else
Upd()
}
function GetNtsState(){ return parent.gNtsOpen }
function GetOtlState(){ return parent.gOtlOpen }
function GetOtlTxtState(){ return parent.gOtlTxtExp }
function NtsBtnSetFlag( fVal )
{
s=3Ddocument.all.item( this.m_flagId ).style
s.display=3D"none"
if( fVal )
s.display=3D""
else
s.display=3D"none"
}
function _BSetA_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) b.S=
etActive() }
function _BSetI_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) b.S=
etInactive() }
function _BSetP_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) b.S=
etPressed() }
function _BSetA_BorderImg()
{=20
b =3D gBtnArr[this.mBorderId]=20
if( b !=3D null && this.mIsOn && !b.GetState() ) {
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,2 )
obj.style.posTop=3D0
}
}
function _BSetI_BorderImg()
{=20
b =3D gBtnArr[this.mBorderId]
if( b !=3D null && this.mIsOn && !b.GetState() ) {
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,1 )
obj.style.posTop=3D0
}
}
var gHiliteClr=3D"THREEDHIGHLIGHT",gShadowClr=3D"THREEDSHADOW",gFaceClr=3D"=
THREEDFACE"
var gBtnArr =3D new Array()
gBtnArr["nb_otl"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_otl","nb_otlElem",parent.ToggleOtlPan=
e,GetOtlState )
gBtnArr["nb_otlElem"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_otl","nb_otlElem",parent.ToggleOt=
lPane,GetOtlState )
gBtnArr["nb_nts"] =3D new ImgBtn( "nb_nts","nb_ntsBorder",10,parent.ToggleN=
tsPane )
gBtnArr["nb_nts"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_BorderImg;
gBtnArr["nb_nts"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_BorderImg;
gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_ntsBorder","nb_ntsElem",parent.=
ToggleNtsPane,GetNtsState )
gBtnArr["nb_ntsElem"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_ntsBorder","nb_ntsElem",parent.To=
ggleNtsPane,GetNtsState )
gBtnArr["nb_prevBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_prev"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_prev","n=
b_prevBorder",30,parent.GoToPrevSld )
gBtnArr["nb_nextBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_next"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_next","n=
b_nextBorder",30,parent.GoToNextSld )
gBtnArr["nb_sldshw"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwBorder",18,parent=
.FullScreen )
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwBorder",pa=
rent.FullScreen,null )
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_Border;
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_Border;
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwText",parent=
.FullScreen,null )
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_Border;
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_Border;
gBtnArr["nb_voice"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_voiceBorder"] =3D new ImgBtn( "nb_voice=
","nb_voiceBorder",18,parent.ToggleVNarration )
gBtnArr["nb_otlTxtBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_otlTxt"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_otlT=
xt","nb_otlTxtBorder",23,parent.ToggleOtlText )
gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"].m_flagId=3D "nb_nts"
gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"].SetFlag =3D NtsBtnSetFlag
gBtnArr["nb_otlTxt"].ChangeIcon=3D GetOtlTxtState
/*********************************************
Context menu implementation
_CM() is the function that's hooked up to
the oncontextmenu event. Once we're asked to
show the menu, we first build it by creating
DIVs on-the-fly. Then we position it=20
within the screen area so it doesn't get
clipped.
Creating the DIVs using createElement() means
we don't have to write out any extra HTML
into the slide HTML files.
**********************************************/
var sNext=3D"Next",sPrev=3D"Previous",sEnd=3D"End Show",sFont=3D"Arial",sAr=
row=3D"Arrow",sFreeform=3D"Freeform",sRect=3D"Rectangle",sOval=3D"Oval"
function ShowMenu()
{
BuildMenu();
var doc=3DPPTSld.document.body,x=3DPPTSld.event.clientX+doc.scrollLeft,y=
=3DPPTSld.event.clientY+doc.scrollTop
m =3D PPTSld.document.all.item("ctxtmenu")
m.style.pixelLeft=3Dx
if( (x+m.scrollWidth > doc.clientWidth)&&(x-m.scrollWidth > 0) )
m.style.pixelLeft=3Dx-m.scrollWidth
m.style.pixelTop=3Dy
if( (y+m.scrollHeight > doc.clientHeight)&&(y-m.scrollHeight > 0) )
m.style.pixelTop=3Dy-m.scrollHeight
m.style.display=3D""
}
function _CM()
{
if( !parent.IsFullScrMode() ) return;
if(!PPTSld.event.ctrlKey) {
ShowMenu()
return false
} else
HideMenu()
}
function BuildMenu()
{
if( PPTSld.document.all.item("ctxtmenu") ) return
var mObj=3DCreateItem( PPTSld.document.body )
mObj.id=3D"ctxtmenu"
mObj.style.visibility=3D"hidden"
var s=3DmObj.style
s.position=3D"absolute"
s.cursor=3D"default"
s.width=3D"120px"
SetCMBorder(mObj,"menu","black")
var iObj=3DCreateItem( mObj )
SetCMBorder( iObj, "threedhighlight","threedshadow" )
iObj.style.padding=3D2
CreateMenuItem( iObj,sNext,M_GoNextSld,M_True )
CreateMenuItem( iObj,sPrev,M_GoPrevSld,M_HasPrevSld )
=09
CreateSeparator( iObj )
CreateMenuItem( iObj,sEnd,M_End,M_True )
mObj.style.visibility=3D"visible"
}
function Cancel() { window.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue; window.event.returnVa=
lue=3Dfalse }
function Highlight() { ChangeClr("activecaption","threedhighlight") }
function Deselect() { ChangeClr("threedface","menutext") }
function Perform()
{
e=3DPPTSld.event.srcElement
if( e.type=3D=3D"menuitem" && e.IsActive() )
e.Action()
else
PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue
}
function ChangeClr( bg,clr )
{
e=3DPPTSld.event.srcElement
if( e.type=3D=3D"menuitem" && e.IsActive() ) {
e.style.backgroundColor=3Dbg
e.style.color=3Dclr
}
}
function M_HasPrevSld() { return( parent.HasPrevSld() ) }
function M_GoNextSld() { if( gIsEndShow ) M_End(); else GoToNextSld() }
function M_GoPrevSld() { if( gIsEndShow ) { gIsEndShow=3D0; history.back();=
PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue; } else GoToPrevSld() }
function M_True() { return true }
function M_End() { window.close( self ) }
function CreateMenuItem( node,text,action,eval )
{
var e=3DCreateItem( node )
e.type=3D"menuitem"
e.Action=3Daction
e.IsActive=3Deval
e.innerHTML=3Dtext
if( !e.IsActive() )
e.style.color=3D"threedshadow"
e.onclick=3DPerform
e.onmouseover=3DHighlight
e.onmouseout=3DDeselect
s=3De.style;
s.fontFamily=3DsFont
s.fontSize=3D"9pt"
s.paddingLeft=3D2
}
function CreateSeparator( node )
{
var sObj=3DCreateItem( node )
SetCMBorder(sObj,"menu","menu")
var s=3DsObj.style
s.borderTopColor=3D"threedshadow"
s.borderBottomColor=3D"threedhighlight"
s.height=3D1
s.fontSize=3D"0px"
}
function CreateItem( node )
{
var elem=3DPPTSld.document.createElement("DIV")
node.insertBefore( elem )
return elem
}
function SetCMBorder( o,ltClr,rbClr )
{
var s=3Do.style
s.backgroundColor=3D"menu"
s.borderStyle=3D"solid"
s.borderWidth=3D1
s.borderColor=3DltClr+" "+rbClr+" "+rbClr+" "+ltClr
}
------=_NextPart_01C77570.55E2EAB0
Content-Location: file:///C:/236615E5/Defensible_files/fullscreen.htm
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
Filemot on Defensible Technology & Patents
------=_NextPart_01C77570.55E2EAB0--
Knowing your Technical Field
Patents relate to the appliance of science. Published scientific research wil=
l be reliable because it is peer-reviewed. Published patent applications may=
be complete rubbish.
Anybody can put anything in a patent application and most Procure patent=
s that are
going to help you to achieve and maintain a dominant position
and even the most science-averse VC will delight in the patent illusions you can spin for him.
' + ENDSHOW_MESG + '
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